Khoom nta
Ultra- kub siab zog thiab nkag siab tsis kam (cov ntsiab lus zoo)
Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm ASTM A335 P91 nyob rau hauv nws ultra-siab siab- kub lub zog thiab creep kuj. Ua tsaug rau micro-alloying nrog vanadium (V) thiab niobium (Nb), nrog rau cov tempered martensitic microstructure, P91 nthuav tawm qhov zoo tshaj qhov siab tshaj -kub creep rupture zog piv rau P22 thiab cov pa chromium -molybdenum steels nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm 510}50. Ntawm 600℃kev ua haujlwm, qhov kev cia siab ntawm P91 yog kwv yees li 1.5-2 npaug ntawm P22, thiab nws qhov kev tawm tsam yog li 3-5 npaug ntawm P22. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv cov yas deformation qeeb (ntub) ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov kav dej hauv lub sijhawm ntev -lub sij hawm siab - qhov kub thiab txias. Nrog rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tensile lub zog ntawm 585 MPa thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yield zog ntawm 415 MPa-ntau tshaj cov P22 (Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 415 MPa / Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 205 MPa)-P91 tso cai rau kom txo tau cov phab ntsa thickness ntawm kwv yees li 40-50%, txo tus nqi ntawm cov kav dej rau nws tus kheej, kev nyuaj siab.
Zoo heev -kub oxidation kuj
9% chromium cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ASTM A335 P91 muab zoo heev - kub oxidation kuj. Nyob rau hauv siab -kub qhov chaw ib puag ncig, P91 tuaj yeem tsim cov txheej tuab thiab ruaj khov Cr₂O₃ oxide, tiv taus siab - kub oxidation thiab chav oxidation. Nws lub siab oxidation kub txwv mus txog 593-620 degree, uas yog qhov zoo dua P22 (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 565℃). Cov cuab yeej no ua rau nws yog ib qho khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kav dej loj hauv cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob ultra-supercritical (steam kub siab dua lossis sib npaug li 593 degree).
Zoo machinability thiab formability
ASTM A335 P91 nthuav tawm cov khoom txias thiab kub ua haujlwm zoo thiab tuaj yeem ua ntau yam txheej txheem xws li kub dabtsi yog khoov, txias dabtsi yog khoov, thiab forging. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias txij li thaum P91 muaj ib tug martensitic qauv, nws nyiam mus ua hauj lwm harden yog siab dua cov ferrite / pearlite steels (xws li, P22). Yog li ntawd, nws raug pom zoo kom suav nrog qhov tsim nyog nruab nrab annealing cov kauj ruam thaum tsim cov txheej txheem. Nws machinability yog piv rau ntawm P22, tso cai rau kev siv cov pa machining txoj kev. Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov cuab yeej carbide.
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv vuam nruj thiab tom qab- vuam cov cua sov yuav tsum tau ua
ASTM A335 P91 pom zoo weldability. Txawm li cas los xij, vim nws cov qauv martensitic microstructure thiab cov ntsiab lus chromium siab (9%), nws muaj lub siab nyiam ua kom tawv nqaij hauv tshav kub- thaj chaw cuam tshuam (HAZ) ntawm vuam, ua kom nruj heev rau cov txheej txheem vuam thiab tom qab-weld heat treatment (PWHT). Nws raug pom zoo tias qhov kub thiab txias ua ntej vuam yog 200-300℃. Tom qab vuam, PWHT yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cua sov mus rau 730-780 degree, tuav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias kom tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm qhov seem, ua rau thaj chaw muaj kev kub ntxhov, thiab ua kom lub zog thiab tawg tsis kam ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke. Cov txheej txheem vuam uas yuav tsum tau ua rau P91 yog nruj dua li cov P22, thiab nws tau pom zoo tias cov kws paub txog vuam ua haujlwm.
Lub koom haum zoo heev ruaj khov thiab ntev - kev cia siab rau kev pab cuam
ASTM A335 P91 qhia txog kev ruaj ntseg zoo thaum nyob ntev - kev pabcuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 593℃. Nws 9% Cr-1% Mo-V-Nb muaj pes tsawg leeg tsim muaj txiaj ntsig zoo txhim kho cov khoom siv siab- kub nkag siab zog thiab oxidation tsis kam. Lub tempered martensite microstructure ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub koom haum thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab thaum lub sij hawm ntev - qhov kub thiab txias kev pab cuam. Tom qab normalizing thiab tempering (N + T) kev kho cua sov, P91 tau txais cov qauv zoo ib yam thiab zoo tempered martensite, lav lub koom haum kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ntseeg siab nyob rau hauv high-temperature kev pab cuam.
Technical Specifications
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg (ASTM A335 / ASME SA335)
|
Lub ntsiab |
Cov kev cai txheem |
Nco tseg |
|
C |
0.08 - 0.12% |
Sib npaug zog thiab resilience |
|
Mn |
0.30 - 0.60% |
Kev daws teeb meem ntxiv dag zog, txhim kho lub zog |
|
P |
Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.020% |
Cov khoom tsis zoo, tswj nruj heev |
|
S |
Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.010% |
Cov khoom tsis zoo, tswj nruj heev |
|
Si |
0.20 - 0.50% |
Deoxidizer, txhim kho siab -kub oxidation kuj |
|
Cr |
8.00 - 9.50% |
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws siab -kub oxidation kuj thiab corrosion kuj |
|
Mo |
0.85 - 1.05% |
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb los txhim kho siab -kub creep tawg lub zog |
|
V |
0.18 - 0.25% |
Cov ntsiab lus microalloying, nag lossis daus muaj zog, txhim kho siab -kub creep zog |
|
Nb |
0.06 - 0.10% |
Microalloying cov ntsiab lus, cov nplej ua kom zoo dua qub, txhim kho siab - kub lub zog thiab toughness |
|
N |
0.03 - 0.07% |
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom muaj zog los txhim kho siab - qhov kub thiab txias |
|
Al |
Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.02% |
Kev tswj nruj kom paub meej purity |
|
Fe |
Cov khoom seem (≈ 89%) |
Matrix element |
Lub cev muaj zog
|
Kev ua tau zoo |
Tus lej Tus Nqi / Ntau |
Cov xwm txheej kuaj |
|
Qhov ntom |
≈ 7.75 g / cm³ |
Chav ntsuas kub (20 degree) |
|
Melting Point |
≈ 1360-1400 degree |
- |
|
Hluav taws xob tsis kam |
≈ 0.45 μΩ·m |
Chav ntsuas kub |
|
Thermal conductivity |
≈ 32 W/(m·K) |
Chav ntsuas kub |
|
Coefficient ntawm Thermal Expansion (20-100 degree) |
≈ 11.0 × 10⁻⁶ /K |
- |
|
Elastic Modulus (Young's Modulus) |
Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 195 GPa |
Chav ntsuas kub |
|
Poisson tus ratio |
≈ 0.28 |
Chav ntsuas kub |
|
Magnetism |
Ferromagnetic |
Martensitic qauv, uas yog sib nqus |
Mechanical Properties (Normalized + Tempered, Tus nqi zoo, ASTM A335)
|
Kev ua tau zoo |
Yam nqi |
Cov qauv kev coj ua |
|
Tensile zog |
Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 585 MPa |
ASTM A335 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb |
|
Yield zog (0.2% Offset) |
Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 415 MPa |
ASTM A335 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb |
|
Elongation (gauge ntev 2in / 50mm) |
Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 20% |
ASTM A335 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb |
|
Hardness |
Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 250 HB (tus nqi raug) |
- |
Note: The strength level of P91 is significantly higher than that of P22 (≥415 MPa / ≥205 MPa). Its core advantages lie in the ultra-high high-temperature strength and creep resistance brought about by V-Nb micro-alloying and tempered martensite microstructure, which can achieve a wall thickness reduction of approximately 40-50%. For higher temperature grades (>620 degree), nws raug nquahu kom xaiv P92.
High -kev ua haujlwm kub
ASTM A335 P91 tuav lub zog siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab haum rau ntev - lub sij hawm siab - qhov kub thiab txias kev pab cuam txog li tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 593℃:
|
Kub |
Tensile zog (MPa, kwv yees) |
Kev ua tau zoo tuav tus nqi |
|
Chav tsev kub (20 degree) |
Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 585 |
100% |
|
400 degree |
≈ 520 |
Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 89% |
|
500 degree |
≈ 480 |
Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 82% |
|
593 degree |
≈ 400 |
Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 68% |
|
620 degree |
≈ 350 |
Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 60% |
Ntev -Lub sij hawm Thermal Stability thiab Microstructural Stability
ASTM A335 P91 pom zoo microstructural stability thaum lub sij hawm ntev - kev pab cuam ntawm kub tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 593℃. Lub V-Nb microalloying thiab tempered martensite microstructure zoo txhim kho siab -kub creep zog thiab oxidation kuj. Txawm li cas los xij, microstructural stability txo thiab creep zog poob qis thaum siv ntev -lub sij hawm siab tshaj 620℃; yog li, nws tsis pom zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntev - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm siab tshaj 620℃. Rau qib siab dua, P92 raug pom zoo.
Kev kho cua sov
Qhov kev ua tau zoo kawg ntawm ASTM A335 P91 yog nyob ntawm kev kho cua sov, nrog rau cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb raws li hauv qab no:
1. Kev Kho Mob (Normalizing)
Tshav kub rau 1040-1065 degree, tuav lub sijhawm txaus (kwv yees li 1 teev ib nti ntawm phab ntsa tuab), ces cua txias lossis kiv cua txias. Qhov no ua rau lub cev tsis sib xws, zoo martensitic qauv, npaj nws rau tom ntej tempering.
2. Tempering kho(Tempering)
Kub rau 730-780 degree, tuav lub sijhawm txaus, ces cua txias. Qhov no tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab vim los ntawm normalizing, tau tempered martensite microstructure, optimizes toughness thiab plasticity, thiab ua tiav cov kev pab cuam zaum kawg.
3. Tag Nrho Txhuas Txhuas Txhuas Txhuas Txhuas Txhuas Txhuas Txhuas Txhuas Txhuas Txhuas Txhuas Txhuas Txhuas Txhuas
Tshav kub rau 850-900 degree, tuav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tom qab ntawd lub qhov cub txias txog li 650 degree, tom qab ntawd cua txias rau chav tsev kub. Qhov no yog siv los tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab ua haujlwm txias lossis txhim kho kev ua haujlwm txias.
Nco ntsoov:
Kev kho cua sov ntawm P91 (normalizing 1040-1065 degree) yog ntau dua li ntawm P22 (900-960 degree) thiab yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis.
Post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) yuav tsum tau ua tom qab vuam. Nws suav nrog cua sov mus rau 730-780 degree, tuav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias kom tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm qhov seem thiab ua rau thaj chaw muaj kev kub ntxhov.
Cov txheej txheem vuam yuav tsum tau ua rau P91 yog nruj dua li cov P22. Nws raug nquahu kom tswj hwm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob vuam thiab ua ntej kub (200-300 degree).
Kev kho cua sov kub thiab lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis kom tsis txhob muaj cov nplej coarsening lossis kev ua haujlwm hloov pauv.
Siv tau Media
Siab - qhov kub thiab txias
Cov kav dej loj ntawm ultra-supercritical/supercritical fais fab nroj tsuag (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 593 degree), boiler headers, superheater tubes, reheater tubes
High -kub thiab siab - cov txheej txheem siab gases
Siab - kub thiab siab - cov kav dej siab rau cov khoom siv tshuaj xws li ammonia synthesis, methanol ntau lawm, thiab tshuaj chiv
Nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag
Nuclear Island Heat Exchanger Pipes, Chav Generator Pipes
Dej kub
Cua sov network, cua sov system
Thaum tshav kub kub hloov roj thiab thermal nqa
Cov kav dej rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob
Lus Cim: ASTM A335 P91 tsis haum rau cov xov xwm corrosive xws li muaj zog oxidizing acids thiab siab - kub, siab -concentration chlorides. Nws lub siab txwv rau oxidation kuj yog kwv yees li 593-620 degree; P92 raug pom zoo thaum qhov kub no siab tshaj. P91 muaj cov kev xav tau siab rau cov txheej txheem vuam thiab raug qhia kom ua haujlwm los ntawm cov kws paub txog kev siv vuam.
ASTM A335 P91 yog qhov tsim nyog rau ultra- kub thiab siab - kev kub ntxhov xws li 550 txog 593℃. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom nyiam tshaj plaws rau ultra-supercritical fais fab nroj tsuag thiab nuclear fais fab kev lag luam, pom zoo siv rau hauv cov cheeb tsam hauv qab no:
Daim ntawv thov teb
-
Fossil Fuel Power Generation (Core Application)
● Main Steam Piping rau Ultra-Supercritical/Supercritical Power Plants (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 593 degree)
● Boiler nruas, superheater nruas
● High-kub reheater kav, siab -kub superheater raj
● High -kub qhov chaw kav dej -
Nuclear Power Generation (Core Application)
● Nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag cua sov exchanger kav
● Nuclear Island steam generator piping
● High-kub thiab siab- cov txheej txheem siab hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob nuclear -
Petrochemical
● High-kub thiab siab- cov kav dej siab rau hydrotreating/hydrocracking units hauv refineries
● Catalytic Reforming Unit Txheej Txheem Piping
● High-cov kav dej kub hauv ethylene cracking units -
Kev lag luam tshuaj thiab Fertilizer
● High-Tub Txheej Txheej Piping rau Ammonia Synthesis Cog
● Methanol Plant Reformate Gas Pipelines
● Siab-Tsuas Kub thiab Siab-Hloov Piping hauv Fertilizer Factories -
Siab -kub thiab siab - cov yeeb nkab fittings
● High-lub luj tshib, tees, thiab reducers
● Forged yeeb nkab fittings, flanges
Kev xa khoom thiab Customization
Peb muab cov kev daws teeb meem hloov tau yooj yim thiab txhim khu kev qha kom ntseeg tau tias koj tau txais ASTM A335 P91 alloy steel kav uas zoo kawg nkaus phim koj qhov kev xav tau.
Customizable cov ntaub ntawv
Peb txhawb tsim ntau yam yooj yim thiab tshwj xeeb cov duab raws li drawings los yog specifications.
|
Daim ntawv |
 Seamless Steel Yeeb Nkab
|
 Loj -inch Thick{1}}walled Yeeb Nkab
|
 Alloy Steel Yeeb Nkab
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Pauv ntau yam |
Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla: 10.3 - 1067 hli; Phab ntsa Thickness: 1 - 150 hli |
Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla: 219 - 1067 hli; Phab ntsa Thickness: 20 - 150 hli |
Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla: 10.3 - 610 hli; Phab ntsa Thickness: 1 - 50 hli |
|
Customization Muaj peev xwm |
Kub- dov / txias- kos seamless raj, tsau - ntev txiav, bevel machining, yeeb nkab kawg threads, tshwj xeeb kub kho tej yam kev mob (normalizing + tempering / annealing) |
Kub nthuav dav, ruaj -ntev txiav, bevel machining, tshwj xeeb kub kho tej yam kev mob |
Txias- kos cov raj precision, ruaj -ntev txiav, tshwj xeeb nto kho |
Vim li cas thiaj xaiv peb? - Txhim khu kev qha Engineering Technology. Dependable xa khoom.
Peb tsis yog ib tus neeg muag khoom xwb, tab sis yog ib tus neeg koom tes nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntseeg siab rau koj hauv Suav teb.
Vertically Integrated Production
Muaj 20,000㎡ qhov chaw nrog 10+ automated kab (8, 000+ tons / xyoo). Hauv - tsev cuab yeej & qhov chaw tuag ua rau muaj kev hloov kho sai thiab tswj tus nqi zoo - tsis muaj tus neeg nruab nrab kos npe.
Kev Tswjhwm nruj nruj ntawm txhua theem
Tag nrho traceability nyob rau hauv lub tseem ceeb QC checkpoints thoob plaws hauv ntau lawm . 100% raws li ASTM/ASME, EN, thiab GB qauv. Cov ntaub ntawv xeem cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob nrog txhua qhov khoom xa tuaj.
Txhim khu kev xa khoom & Export ntim
10+ xyoo xa tawm mus rau Tebchaws Europe, North America, Southeast Asia & Middle East nrog cov dej tsis muaj dej thiab tiv thaiv- xeb, ua ke nrog cov kev xaiv thauj khoom yooj yim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab nyob rau - lub sijhawm tuaj txog.
Qauv validation ua ntej pawg ntau lawm
Peb muab cov qauv dawb rau kev kuaj xyuas zoo, tso cai rau koj tso cov xaj xaj tsuas yog tom qab kev pom zoo. Peb xyuas kom meej qhov sib xws los ntawm cov qauv mus rau cov khoom loj los ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb thiab kev tsim pob tshab.
FAQ
Q: Dab tsi yog qhov zoo ntawm ASTM A335 P91?
Q: Qhov txawv ntawm ASTM A335 P91 thiab P22 yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas xaiv ntawm lawv?
Q: Qhov txawv ntawm ASTM A335 P91 thiab P92 yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas xaiv ntawm lawv?
Q: Qhov kev pabcuam siab tshaj plaws rau ASTM A335 P91 yog dab tsi?
Q: ASTM A335 P91 vuam kev ua tau zoo yog dab tsi?
Q: Dab tsi yog qhov corrosion kuj ntawm ASTM A335 P91?
Cim npe nrov: Tuam Tshoj astm a335 p91 manufacturers, lwm tus neeg, Hoobkas
